Therapeutic Action of Cannabinoids on Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic progressive neuro-degenerative disease where the brain and spinal cord are damaged by the gradual destruction of myelin, which is the tissue that covers and protects the brain and spinal cord. Patients who have MS suffer with painful muscle spasms, numbness, impaired vision, loss of balance and coordination, tremors, and weakness. There is currently no known cure for MS.

That being said... DELTA..sup.9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (.DELTA..sup.9-THC), the major psychoactive constituent of marijuana, exerts a broad range of therapeutic effects through its interactions with two cannabinoid (CB) receptor subtypes, CB.sub.1 and CB.sub.2. CB.sub.1 receptors are highly expressed in the central nervous system and to a lesser degree in the periphery in a variety of tissues of the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems. By contrast, CB.sub.2 receptors are most abundantly expressed in multiple lymphoid organs and cells of the immune system, including spleen, thymus, tonsils, bone marrow, pancreas and mast cells. (See Link for source)

Many MS patients are using medical marijuana as they have found that it relieves the spasticity, calms tremors, and helps with the depression and anxiety of being ill. There are a number of scientific studies that show that marijuana helps to reduce MS symptoms. One study looked at 167 patients who reported less pain, less muscle spasms, and less bladder incontinence with use of cannabis. These patients reported that they were able to control symptoms with the same dose of cannabis for a mean duration of 434 days without having to increase their dose. (Wade, Multiple Sclerosis 10:425-33, 2004) Researchers suggest that this study demonstrates that marijuana does not lead to increased tolerance requiring increased doses of medication, unlike the conventional medications used to treat MS

Managing the spectrum of pain etiologies remains a major public health problem and both patients and clinicians are seeking improved strategies to effectively manage pain. No currently available therapies or drugs effectively treat all types of nociceptive and neuropathic pain states. The compounds of the present invention are novel CB.sub.2 receptor modulators that have utility in treating pain, including nociceptive and neuropathic pain.

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